Value-Added Modeling
Value-added models are statistical analyses that provide quantitative performance measures that can be used to develop, monitor, and evaluate schools and other aspects of the education system. When used in evaluating education systems, value-added models are comprised of a collection of complex statistical techniques that use multiple years of test score data to estimate the effects of individual schools or teachers on student performance.
Additional Information:
Measuring Improvements in Learning Outcomes: Best Practices to Assess the Value-Added of Schools, 2008
The Promise and Peril of Using Value-Added Modeling to Measure Teacher Effectiveness, 2004
http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9050/RAND_RB9050.pdf