research conducted to establish a causal relationship between an intervention and impact on behavior. It is often conducted in controlled laboratory settings to assure the results are a function of the intervention rather than so other variable. The primary value of efficacy research is to identify promising interventions.

Effectiveness research is conducted to answer questions about the impact of an intervention as it is “taken to scale” and implemented in typical practice settings.

The point where an intervention or practice moves from the domain of the researcher to that of the practitioner.

To observe a behavior for any changes that may occur over time and/or for effects an intervention may have on the observed behavior.